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| c. 1400 |
| | | Craftsmen and treasures arrive in large numbers in Samarkand, sent home from Timur's travels of conquest | |
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| 1405 |
| | | Timur is buried in a mausoleum (the Gur Amir) in Samarkand, a city which becomes an inspiration to his descendants | |
|  | Samarkand, tomb of Timur
Fotofile CG
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| 1410 |
| | | Shah Rukh, son of Timur, begins rebuilding the city of Herat | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Herat, under Timurid princes, succeeds Tabriz as the main centre of Persian art | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The lively realism of Kamal-ud-din Bihzad lays the basis of both the Persian and the Mughal schools of painting | |
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| 1501 |
| | | The 14-year-old Ismail I is enthroned as shah of a new Persian dynasty, the Safavids | |
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| 1504 |
| | | Babur captures Kabul, making it and eastern Afghanistan the first possession of the Mughal empire | |
|  | Babur in a garden
Fotofile CG
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| 1587 |
| | | 16-year-old Abbas I, subsequently one of the greatest of shahs, inherits the throne of Persia | |
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| 1598 |
| | | Shah Abbas builds up Isfahan as a spectacular new capital of the Persian empire | |
|  | Friday Mosque, Isfahan
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| 1736 |
| | | The leader of a gang of tribal brigands seizes the Persian throne and takes the name Nadir Shah | |
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